As a federal criminal defense lawyer in Chicago, I regularly represent clients in both Illinois state courts and federal courts throughout the Northern District of Illinois. The federal system is different—more formal, more resource-intensive, and often more intimidating. If you’re under federal investigation, facing indictment, or preparing for trial in federal court, the stakes are significantly higher.

In Chicago, federal cases are heard at the Everett M. Dirksen U.S. Courthouse downtown, not in the typical Cook County courts like 26th & California. While state crimes range from misdemeanors to felonies under Illinois statutes, federal offenses are exclusively felony-level and often involve charges like drug trafficking, wire fraud, healthcare fraud, firearms violations, or conspiracy under Title 18 of the U.S. Code.

All crimes in Illinois—whether charged by state or federal prosecutors—are classified as either misdemeanors or felonies. Misdemeanors are handled at the state level. Felony-level conduct that crosses state lines, affects federal agencies, or involves large-scale criminal operations often results in federal charges. The difference is more than procedural—federal penalties are typically harsher, discovery is more limited, and sentencing guidelines are rigid.